i like cameras actually
actually its rather a question about the sensor and its size
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanc...sorformate.svg
phone has a relativ small sensor
then it has aps-c
full frame
then medium format
there also some other example like a 100 dollar reader (for verification), webcam,fingerprint reader,tv (infrared often)
all got a sensor :-)
noise happens if the camera-sensor combination had to use a high iso
here is a good webpage for cameras:
https://www.dxomark.com/category/mobile-reviews/